ELIZA was a natural language processing program written sometime in the mid-1960s by German-American computer scientist Joseph Wizenbaum at the MIT Artificial Laboratory.
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ELIZA – 1966
Nearly a decade after ELIZA, another AI chatbot, PARRY, was introduced by psychiatrist Kenneth Colby from Stanford University.
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PARRY – 1972
Nearly four decades before ChatGPT, an AI computer program wrote a book all by itself.
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Racter – 1984
Mark V Shaney, created by Bruce Ellis and Rob Pike, was a text-generating robot.
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Mark V. Shaney – 1985
British creator Rollo Carpenter introduced in the ’80s Jabberwacky – a chatterbot – which was different from its staid predecessors.
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Jabberwacky – 1988
Although not a chatbot, Office Assistant, fondly known as Clippy, was an intelligent user interface introduced by Microsoft for its Office.
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Clippy – The Office Assistant – 1997
In 1998 and 1999, Albert One won the Loebner Prize for the best chatbot.